The Impact Of Tourism On Antarctica During The 2015-16 Season

IAATO indicate that more than 100 different nationalities were represented by tourists who visited the Antarctica during the 2015-16 season. Four IAATO operators conducted commercial deep field tourism activities during the 2015-16 season, employed experienced guides; over 80% of which have worked previously in Antarctica. Staff and guides assist in the preparation of policies and guidelines, and ensure their implementation in the field. Ship-based tourism is expected to again include the operation of small auxiliary boats, shore landings, kayaking, mountain climbing, running events, SCUBA diving, snorkelling, skiing, snowboarding, stand-up paddle boarding, camping (including short overnight stays), helicopter operations, use of Unmanned†¦show more content†¦L. Crossley. 1995. Cambridge University Press) Another threat comes from smaller expeditions that are becoming increasingly common by individuals and small parties. Antarctica requires careful planning and a series of fail-safe rescue procedures if anyone gets into difficulty. These smaller expeditions sometimes fail to do this adequately and resort to humanitarian requests for aid from shipping or nearby national bases when they get into difficulty. In recent years for example a small helicopter (totally unsuitable for the task) crashed into the sea off the Antarctica Peninsula requiring rescue. There have so far been no major pollution incidents or losses of life in Antarctica as a result of tourism, though there was a very close call in November 2007 with the holing and subsequent sinking by an iceberg of the M/V Explorer in the Brans field Strait. Fortunately for the passengers and crew of the Explorer the collision occurred in calm conditions, so everyone was able to get off the ship safely and into lifeboats. †¢ (Ref: Crossley, Louise. Explore Antarctica. 1st ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Pg5.) Briefly pointing to some more recent incidents reported in Antarctica †¢ On 15 November 2015, Ocean Endeavour struck ice causing some damage to the hull during the night near the South Shetland Islands. The vessel did not require any assistance and with the agreement of the both Flag State and Classification Society proceeded back to the portShow MoreRelatedCauses And Symptoms Of 300.02 Insects And Civilization2036 Words   |  9 Pagesbaby through breastfeeding. Hypothetically the virus could also be transferred through blood transfusion but there have been no known cases so far. (1) Some of the known symptoms begin 3-7 days after an infected mosquito has bitten a victim (usually during the day time). By this point the most common symptom is a fever and joint pain. Additionally some joint swelling, rash, muscle pain may occur especially in the area near the mosquito bite. Some patients also experience headaches. In most cases theRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pages3 4.6.3.2] 4.6.1 Administrative tasks (.3) [3.7.1, 12.4] 10.3.3.1 Lessons learned [8.3.3.4] 9.4.2.2 Individual performance appraisals Chapter 7 Managing Risk Chapter 15 Chapter 16 International Projects Oversight 11.1 Risk management process [F.8] 11.2 Identifying risks 11.3.2.2 Impact matrix 11.4 Risk assessment 11.5 Risk responses (.2–.1.2) 11.6 Risk register 7.1.2.5 PERT analysis 7.1.2.6.3 Contingency reserves 7.3.3.4 Change control management G.7 Culture awareness 1.4

College Dropout Rate And Evidence - 1332 Words

College Dropout Rate Evidence To Support You re done, you have dropped out of college and there s nothing you can do. Congratulations, you are now in the 1.3 million that also contributed to this statistic. The college dropout rate varies based upon a wide variety of problems college students encounter. Now your reasons for dropping out? There could be many, some of which you couldn t control. However, there are some that directly contribute to the dropout rate; that you could have. We’ll be looking at 13 pieces of evidence that contribute to the dropout rate. Sometimes ethnicities have lower completion rates than others, †Asian/Pacific Islanders have the highest rate and American Indian/Alaskan natives the lowest 66% and 40%†(Pleskac). So you cannot choose your ethnic background, but that is no reason to not go to college or get a degree. About 40% of black and Hispanic students had a family crisis just within their sophomore year of college. That was almost 6% more than white and virtually 20% more than Asian students (Harris). Those things you cannot control and it is important that you keep the right mindset during hard times, so it does not interfere with studies. Coming from a different ethnic background they are moreâ€Å"..likely to come from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, which makes them vulnerable to family crises†..which can be difficult (Harris). This could make it rough in college and even cause you to dropout. This is a factor that you cannot control butShow MoreRelatedIs College Education Really Worth It?1485 Words   |  6 Pages Is a college education really worth it? A college education is definitely worth it, with a college degree, you will be given even more opportunities and benefits than you would as a high school dropout or even graduate! it will allow you to earn a more gainful amount of money than a high school dropout and graduate and even more than a 2 year college degree. Although if you are a 2 year college graduate or 4 year college graduate and studied in the field of mechanical engineering, graphic designRead MoreIs College Tuition A High School?876 Words   |  4 Pages the most frustrating thing about being a high school senior is assembling the future. While a great proportion of high school seniors opt for a four year-university, many modify their original arrangements and attended a community college. Moreover, community college tuition is significantly less than a four-year university and students still receive a top quality education, but at lower cost. Even though a vast number of stu dents intend to transfer their credits to a four-year university, an extensiveRead MoreEffect Of Student Gender On The Rates Of High School Dropouts Essay870 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction A high school diploma not only facilitates progression to college but also increases a student’s chances of financial independence and career success in the future. 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Essay1733 Words   |  7 Pagestoday’s society are prompted by all teachers to go to college, and this idea is being reinforced more than ever. Although there are a select few people that do not belong in college, this idea has never been more true. Jobs that require a college degree are becoming more abundant, and these jobs need to be filled. The only way these jobs can be filled is if the number of college graduates increases at the same pace as jobs that require a college degree are. Many issues over time have arisen on thisRead MoreDropping Out Of High School1696 Words   |  7 Pagesthat era, dropout was called â€Å"school- leaving† and was considered to be a psychological problem based on interest and attitudes. Young people were considered as restless and needing the freedom to explore new interests. If schools did not meet their needs, there was the likelihood that these teenagers will drop out (Christle, Jolivette, and Nelson, 2007). 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Similarly, evidence shows thatRead MoreHow College Student s Level Of Wellbeing And Happiness1340 Words   |  6 Pagesincreasing emphasis on measuring college success, primarily through academic outcomes, it becomes understandable that school professionals might stay active in monitoring student’s well-being and happiness. However, how and why student’s well-being and happiness plays a role during their time on campus and what college faculty members are doing, or not doing, remains an interesting area for review. The intend of this research is to produce a better understanding of how college student’s level of wellbeingRead MoreHigher Education: To Go or Not To Go?1121 Words   |  5 PagesCollege is one of the biggest decisions a person can make. For most, the decision is deciding where to go. For some, however, the decision if they should go. David, a high school friend of mine, decided to not go to college. 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Quality is Being Perfect Free Essays

string(24) " have not gained value\." Achieving quality† is said to be a major issue throughout industry, commerce and government bodies. It†s just not passing craze of flavour of the month. Quality is vital for growth, survival and prosperity of every organisation. We will write a custom essay sample on Quality is Being Perfect or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nowadays, more and more organisations are placing greater emphasis on quality in order for them to prosper and become successful. In this essay I will be explaining the different concepts of quality, which are established by different institutes and people. I will then compare these concepts and give my view on each of them. In the second part of this essay I will be looking at areas of commonality and difference between ‘quality of product manufacture† and ‘quality in service†. Quality is difficult to define but what is sure is that we all know when it is achieved and when it is not. This assessment of quality is subjective and it can vary from different perceptions of individuals. It is the perception of the individual, by what influences his experience and what he thinks. Overall, the word quality can mean different things to different people. For example, the first car that I bought appeared to me to be of superior quality, even though it was thirteen years old, had many rust patches and the roof was leaking. On the other hand, a company director who drives a Rolls Royce may think that the car is a load of scrap. The second-hand car to me was quite satisfactory where it got me to my required destinations, but the company director may think it is bad advertisement and unreliable. For this reason, quality can be defined as ‘fitness for purpose†. It can be defined as fitness for purpose because the second-hand car was fit for my purpose. The definition ‘fitness for purpose†, was defined by an early American quality guru, Dr Joseph Juran. He always believed that if a product was fit for purpose, then it was a quality product. But from my perspective, this is not always true. This is because the second-hand car that I bought was fit for my purpose (transported me in safety), but it was not conceived to be a quality car by many of the people who I showed it to, except the sycophants who always tried to please me. Many people stated that the car was a ‘reject† due to the fact that it was rusty and the roof was leaking. Now that I have sold it, I would agree with these people, it was not a quality car, but it was fit for purpose. So therefore, this prime example gives you an indication that ‘fitness for purpose† does not always mean quality. The definition begs the question of ‘whose purpose? † Plato†s (philosopher) theory suggests that it was the customer who defined the purpose and the customer who defined quality. But Juran†s definition does not even mention the purpose of the customer. Another problem with the fitness for purpose definition is that the purpose may not always be known. Juran believes that the majority of quality problems are because of poor management, rather than poor employee work. In general, he believes that management controllable defects account for over 80 per cent of total quality management problems. Overall, Juran†s definition is too elementary where there is a need to closely define to what is going to be offered, then quality can become ‘conformance to requirements†. Conformance to requirement is widely used in industry to define quality. â€Å"This definition is often attributed to Philip Crosby, another well-known guru of quality†. (Owen,B 1995). Crosby believed that if a product were conformed to requirement, then there would be no such thing as a quality problem where the company itself has established its products based directly on its customers† needs. The Crosby definition places an emphasis to meet a certain specification that also leads to an emphasis on the reliability of the product or service. Reliability ranks with quality in importance where â€Å"it is the ability of the product or service to continue to meet the customer requirements†. (Oakland, 1995). Crosby also states that when a product is produced or when a service is delivered, it should have ‘zero defects†, where you should ‘get it right first time†. What zero defects means is not that people never make mistakes, but that the company does not start expecting them to make mistakes. But from my point of view and from Juran†s perspective, the zero defects approach cannot always help an organisation to achieve quality. Juran believes that employees should be given long-term training, where it should start at the top of the hierarchy of the organisation. The problem with Crosby†s quality control approaches are that there can be clear dangers that the customers can become less important than the standard of the product because there is too much emphasis on control and getting things right first time. This is because every organisation should be able to make certain mistakes and learn from them the next time around. One advantage of his approach is that he places more emphasis on prevention, rather than inspection, so therefore, there can be increased quality where the costs can decrease and thus increasing profits. The main problem with Crosby†s definition is that it is too simplistic. Producing a product that is conformed to requirement that has had no problems during the manufacturing process does not necessarily mean that it is a quality product. For example, a golf player who completes a round without breaking the rule is not necessarily a good quality player. Also, a driver who drives home without breaking the law is not necessarily a quality driver The fitness for purpose and conformance to requirement definitions seeks to establish a level of performance that is acceptable to customers where their needs are met and where they have no cause to complain. But between these two levels there is a ‘grey† area, where the specification is achieved, but where the customers may feel that they have not gained value. You read "Quality is Being Perfect" in category "Essay examples" For this reason quality can be concerned with ‘ providing a service that delights our customers†. This definition was originated by the late American quality guru, Dr W. Edwards Deming. â€Å"He was the first American quality expert to teach Japanese managers about quality. â€Å"Deming†s work in Japan has been identified as putting Japan on the road to leadership in international business and industry†. (Internet). Deming argued that the customer should not just be satisfied, but delighted in order to gain repeat custom. He also stated that you should always keep ahead of your customers† expectations that include every aspect of supplier-customer relationship, not just the product or service being provided. From my perspective, Deming†s approach to quality is much more perplexing than Juran and Crosby†s definitions. Both Juran and Crosby were focused too much on the product, but Deming covers all of the aspects of quality. Deming also allocates the measurement of quality through statistical calculations where Juran and Crosby are more concerned with the production process measurements. Another quality guru, Armand V. Feiggenbaum who is the chairman of the International Academy of Quality, stresses that quality does not mean ‘best†, but ‘best for the customer use and selling price†. What Fienbaum†s definition is trying to say is that products should be produced to customer requirements and be sold at a good reasonable price, thus achieving quality. From my perspective, this is a good definition. For example, if I buy a television that contains a lot of features, it†s reliable, unique and it is at a good reasonable price, then it would be a quality product to me. Also many people associate price with quality, people expect better quality when paying more, thus Fienbaum gives a good clear definition of quality. To Fienbaum, quality is a way of managing an organisation. He stresses that quality does not only mean that customer problems have to be fixed faster. Like Juran, he says that leadership is essential to a company†s success. Finally, I am going to talk about a well known Japanese guru, Kaoru Ishikawa who is known as the father of ‘quality circles†. Ishikawa stresses that ‘quality does not only mean the quality of a product, but also of after sales service, quality of management, the company itself and the human being. Ishikawa†s definition is trying to say that all of the aspects of the organisation have to be known to be of good quality standard. For example, Rolls Royce produces quality cars but also the company itself and the management is known to be of good quality. So therefore if all of the aspects of the organisation are good quality, then this can lead to good corporate reputation, thus increasing sales and profits. Overall, Ishikawa†s definition is similar to Deming†s and Fienbaum†s definition, where there is a focal point to look at all of the stages of providing quality. In conclusion, all of the guru†s definitions are different and have all proved to be successful in their own situations. It is also worth remembering that all the gurus are consultants and have different definitions due to the fact that they come from different business backgrounds, so therefore, their approaches to quality differ from each other. Now that I have defined the different concepts of quality, I am now going to explain the difference between ‘quality in product manufacture† and ‘quality in service delivery†. A product is any goods other than land, bridges or buildings and includes a product which is comprised within another product whether by virtue of being a component part or raw material or otherwise†. (Dale and Plunkett, 1994). On the other hand â€Å"A service encounter is any direct interaction between a service provider and customers†. (Dale and Plunkett, 1994). Industries, such as financial services, health care, tourism, government, transport and communications have their business activities focused on services rather than products. Quality customer service is now a focus of every organisation where it is typically achieving a competitive advantage. â€Å"Consumers, be they individuals, households or businesses, are more aware of the alternatives on offer; in relation to both services/products, and to provide organisations and rising standards of service†. (Dale and Plunkett, 1994). Overall, the quality of service delivery has become as important as the quality of product manufacture. However, they have several characteristics that distinguish them from each other when providing quality to customers. One main difference between quality in product manufacture and quality in service delivery is that products are tangible and services are not. So therefore when manufacturing a product, a firm will have to make sure that there are no defects on the product and that the product is conformed to requirement. This is because if there are any defects on the product, then consumers have a right to complain with tangible evidence (the product). On the other hand, services are intangible; there is usually little or no tangible evidence to show once a service has been performed. For example, when a mortgage adviser has given his proposition to a consumer, later the consumer will have little or no evidence of the service delivery to prove how good or bad it was. So consequently, from one perspective, service organisations can afford to make mistakes and not get blamed for them, although it can lead to a bad corporate image and serious damages, such as in health care situations. Overall, quality in a product will be evident but quality in service delivery does not always have to be evident due to the fact that services can be intangible. Another key difference between these two is that poor quality products can be replaced but poor quality services cannot always be replaced. So therefore, as Philip Crosby says, you will have to ‘get it right first time† with ‘zero defects† when delivering a service. Overall, an organisation can afford to make mistakes when achieving quality in a manufactured product. But an organisation cannot afford to make mistakes when delivering a service due to the fact that it is very hard or impossible to rectify a poor quality service. For example, if a nurse in the hospital drops a baby and as a result, the baby has a brain damage, then this mistake in the service will be very impossible to rectify. So therefore, in services, such as health care, there are generally fewer errors than in products due to the serious consequences that a service organisation (hospital) can face if it makes a mistake. As Deming states, organisations will have to delight the consumer through their services in order to achieve quality. So therefore, it is essential for service providers, such as doctors, to get it right first time. One other major difference is that it is more difficult to use quality standards in services than products, in the conventional sense. This is because there is the characteristic of heterogeneity, where variability exists in services as a function of labour inputs and non-standardisation of delivery. (Dale and Plunkett, 1994). There can be small variations in products but services can have large variations, it all depends on the individual who is delivering the service. Overall, different individuals deliver services in various different ways. Elimination of the virus of variability in products is easier to tackle than services. Deming†s concept of statistical control is widely used in industry in order to eliminate variation in products. The behaviour of the process remains the same over time with controlled variation and by the use of statistical control. If no statistical control is used, then the behaviour of the process is likely to change, usually in unpredictable ways and at unpredictable times with uncontrolled variation. So therefore, statistical control over the manufacturing of products can achieve quality and eliminate variation. But the problem with the statistical concept is that it cannot eliminate variation in service delivery, the statistical concept is only suitable for manufacturing products. From my perspective, training the staff can only eliminate service variation as Juran says. Overall, I think that huge variations in products such as Walkers Crisps can devalue the product because consumers expect the same taste from each packet, that is said to be of good quality and number one in the UK market. However, there is slight variation in Walkers Crisps, but this is usually common with ever packet of crisp. Recently, there was a research taking place in the UK that is working towards eliminating the variation of tastes of each crisp. The elimination of variation in crisps is another step towards achieving quality in product manufacture. On the other hand, it is sometimes said that the variation in services often produce quality. However, variations in services are usually dealt with by training the staff. Last of all, I think that it is harder to achieve and control quality in service delivery than product manufacture. This is because services (such as doctors† time) cannot be stored to meet fluctuations in demand, but products can be stored. In order to conform to requirement and delight the customer (achieve quality), service organisations will have to meet demands at perplexing times, or otherwise they will find it very difficult to achieve quality. An organisation that does not meet fluctuating demands can gain a bad corporate image, thus decreasing the overall quality of the organisation. I think that service organisations can only meet fluctuating demands by setting out standards. For example, opening seven days a week rather than five days a week or specially opening when demands are excessively high. Realistically, this can be very difficult to achieve. A recent example of a service organisation that is not meeting fluctuating demands is the National Health Authority (NHS). The flu syndrome has recently affected many people in the UK, including the elderly. As a result, more people have been attending to the doctors and hospitals, thus making it more difficult for the NHS to cope with the increasing demand levels. Many appointments and operations have been cancelled in many hospitals due to the increase of patients. This prime example gives you an idea that service organisations cannot always deliver quality due to the fact that they cannot always deliver there services on time. In the above example, many people have criticised the NHS of not providing quality services, in other words, not coping with the fluctuation of demand levels. Overall, I think that only if the whole organisational chain is functioning efficiently can quality be achieved in both products and services. The quality chain links all of the business, and its external suppliers, to provide quality to the consumers. This objective is only achieved if each chain link provides quality. If one fails, then the overall objective of achieving quality is very unlikely to be achieved, the chain will not be functioning properly. For example, if a sales assistant does not have enough knowledge on a certain product, then the customer will not receive sufficient information on the product by the sales assistant,thus the quality of the product will be unrecognised. So therefore, the sales assistant is letting every one else down in the quality chain, thus, the chain will not will moving effectively. In overall conclusion, I think that different individuals perceive quality in different ways because everyone has different perceptions. I also think that in their definitions of quality, the gurus are looking at different aspects of quality in order to find different ways of saying the same thing. Basically, ‘meeting customer requirements† achieves quality because you are producing and delivering what the customer wants you to produce and deliver. As well as meeting customer requirements, ‘delighting the customer† is also a good concept of quality because you are going beyond your customers† expectations when delighting your customer with a product or service. However, all the gurus have different definitions due to the fact that they specialise in different business backgrounds, thus they all give a good definition of quality based on their past experiences. There are many differences in achieving quality in a product than achieving quality in a service. One of the differences is that services are tangible and products are not. Thus leaving little or no evidence of service delivery, even though is was not perceived as good quality. However, if mistakes are made in certain services, then these can not always be rectified, but when manufacturing a product, mistakes can usually be rectified easily without facing serious consequences. The main difference between quality in product manufacture and quality in service delivery is that products can be stored to meet fluctuations in demand, but on the other hand, services cannot always be stored, thus decreasing the quality of service delivery. A good example of a service not being stored is the NHS that is not meeting its recent demand levels. Also, another difference between these two is that there is more variation in services than products. Product variations can usually be controlled, but service variations are more difficult to control, thus this can decrease or increase the quality of service delivery. Last of all, I think that it is more important for service providers to ‘get it right first time† due to the fact that poor services are hard to replace, where faulty products are easily replaced. How to cite Quality is Being Perfect, Essay examples

I came from a strong and proud... free essay sample

I came from a strong and proud family. My parents did not attend college and was happy to see me go to college. However, my brother Emmanuel is the start king of the family. Because my father always tells me, why are you walking in your brother. I am lost in deep space; I was walking in the shadow of my brother. I could not help it. I want to be different; I want to have my color to shine in my family. in my senior year in high school, I took the opportunity to attend Sacans regional conference at Brandeis University, where my brother goes. I couldnt describe the setting of the conference, I was overwhelmed. I was able to learn and talk to professors and professional people in engineering and science field, my curiosity for science and engineering sky rocket. However, I was more interested in mechanical engineering. We will write a custom essay sample on I came from a strong and proud or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I was the professor and professional in that field to learn more, this conference made me to love mechanical engineering more.Attending college has opened a new light in my life and open doors. However, going to engineering major in my family was difficult, because I was venerable to my peers in school because I was not expose to math and science as my peers. I did not shake or move. I took my venerability to expand my knowledge in science and math. I purse my physics professor for a research in physics. My professor appointed me to one of the physics professor to perform research with, Professor Andrea. I was happy and excited in elementary practice. The first meeting of the research, I did not have clue what professor Andrà ©a was talking about and while my peers knows. It seems I was left behind again. But I did not just stop there. I read all the materials, take notes and ask many questions about protons, quarks, and four force and the big bang theory. My position in this research was to read the materials and make a presentation to my peers of what I have read. I was fascinating and amazed learning how elementary particles were the key things to know how the university became exit and to understand the university. My eager and my passion of mechanical engineering did not stop there. I attend mechanical engineering club in City Tech. where I was able to learn about cutting edge technology in mechanical engineering and what is going on in mechanical engineering. Discussion is held by the professor, to know how student can solve specific real life problem as engineers. I was aloes part of the math club, to enrich my math skills and to learn how to approach math problemsI want to continue my study in Cornell University and I am declaring my major as mechanical engineering. At Cornell University, I will be able to achieve my goals, and make my own name in my family. The Engineering College of Cornell has a board of opportunity in research and Cop-op programs. I did a research in the Engineering College website, I found professor Moon research on, smart joints in Aerospace Structures and Professor Ruina on, developments in bipedal walking robots research. I will love to have the privileged to continue my study at Cornell University and to graduate and do great things in the world.