The Impact Of Tourism On Antarctica During The 2015-16 Season

IAATO indicate that more than 100 different nationalities were represented by tourists who visited the Antarctica during the 2015-16 season. Four IAATO operators conducted commercial deep field tourism activities during the 2015-16 season, employed experienced guides; over 80% of which have worked previously in Antarctica. Staff and guides assist in the preparation of policies and guidelines, and ensure their implementation in the field. Ship-based tourism is expected to again include the operation of small auxiliary boats, shore landings, kayaking, mountain climbing, running events, SCUBA diving, snorkelling, skiing, snowboarding, stand-up paddle boarding, camping (including short overnight stays), helicopter operations, use of Unmanned†¦show more content†¦L. Crossley. 1995. Cambridge University Press) Another threat comes from smaller expeditions that are becoming increasingly common by individuals and small parties. Antarctica requires careful planning and a series of fail-safe rescue procedures if anyone gets into difficulty. These smaller expeditions sometimes fail to do this adequately and resort to humanitarian requests for aid from shipping or nearby national bases when they get into difficulty. In recent years for example a small helicopter (totally unsuitable for the task) crashed into the sea off the Antarctica Peninsula requiring rescue. There have so far been no major pollution incidents or losses of life in Antarctica as a result of tourism, though there was a very close call in November 2007 with the holing and subsequent sinking by an iceberg of the M/V Explorer in the Brans field Strait. Fortunately for the passengers and crew of the Explorer the collision occurred in calm conditions, so everyone was able to get off the ship safely and into lifeboats. †¢ (Ref: Crossley, Louise. Explore Antarctica. 1st ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Pg5.) Briefly pointing to some more recent incidents reported in Antarctica †¢ On 15 November 2015, Ocean Endeavour struck ice causing some damage to the hull during the night near the South Shetland Islands. The vessel did not require any assistance and with the agreement of the both Flag State and Classification Society proceeded back to the portShow MoreRelatedCauses And Symptoms Of 300.02 Insects And Civilization2036 Words   |  9 Pagesbaby through breastfeeding. Hypothetically the virus could also be transferred through blood transfusion but there have been no known cases so far. (1) Some of the known symptoms begin 3-7 days after an infected mosquito has bitten a victim (usually during the day time). By this point the most common symptom is a fever and joint pain. Additionally some joint swelling, rash, muscle pain may occur especially in the area near the mosquito bite. Some patients also experience headaches. In most cases theRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pages3 4.6.3.2] 4.6.1 Administrative tasks (.3) [3.7.1, 12.4] 10.3.3.1 Lessons learned [8.3.3.4] 9.4.2.2 Individual performance appraisals Chapter 7 Managing Risk Chapter 15 Chapter 16 International Projects Oversight 11.1 Risk management process [F.8] 11.2 Identifying risks 11.3.2.2 Impact matrix 11.4 Risk assessment 11.5 Risk responses (.2–.1.2) 11.6 Risk register 7.1.2.5 PERT analysis 7.1.2.6.3 Contingency reserves 7.3.3.4 Change control management G.7 Culture awareness 1.4